/* Fluid-first responsive */
    
     :root {
        --fluid-h1: clamp(32px, 4vw, 56px);
        --fluid-h2: clamp(26px, 3vw, 42px);
        --fluid-h3: clamp(22px, 2.4vw, 32px);
        --fluid-body: clamp(15px, 1.1vw, 18px);
    }
    
    body {
        font-size: var(--fluid-body);
    }
    
    section {
        padding-block: clamp(48px, 6vw, 96px);
    }
    /* Header overlap clarity */
    
    .navbar {
        padding-block: clamp(12px, 2vw, 20px);
    }
    /* Card polish */
    
    .card {
        height: 100%;
        border-radius: 12px;
    }
    /* Research theme hover */
    
    .research-card {
        transition: background-color .3s ease, transform .3s ease;
    }
    
    .research-card:hover {
        background-color: #3fae8f;
        transform: translateY(-6px);
    }
    /* Footer icons scaling */
    
    footer i {
        font-size: clamp(16px, 1.2vw, 20px);
    }
    /* Tablets */
    
    @media (max-width: 991px) {
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            padding: 6px 15px;
            font-size: 13px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-nav {
            flex-direction: column;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        .row {
            --bs-gutter-x: 0rem;
        }
        .edm-header {
            border: none;
        }
        .edm-header-border {
            border-top: 1px solid #D9D9D9;
            display: block;
            position: absolute;
            top: 70px;
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-brand img {
            max-width: 70px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .container {
            display: block;
        }
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            text-align: center;
            margin-top: 10px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-nav {
            gap: 8px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-nav {
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #d9d9d9f2 !important;
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px !important;
            z-index: 9999;
            position: relative;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .nav-item a {
            color: #000 !important;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-light .navbar-toggler {
            border-radius: 0px;
            right: 12px;
            top: 0px;
            max-width: 70px;
            padding: 19px 15px;
            background: #fff;
            border-radius: 0px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-toggler:focus {
            border: inherit !important;
            box-shadow: none !important;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-collapse .collapsing {
            height: inherit !important;
        }
        /* edm hero section */
        .edm-hero-video .caption {
            top: 110px;
            position: absolute;
            z-index: 9;
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-card {
            position: sticky;
            top: 40px;
        }
        /* edm About-us section*/
        .edm-about-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm project section */
        .edm-projects-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-row {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: inherit !important;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-info {
            margin: 10px 0px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li {
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li strong {
            width: 40%px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li span {
            width: 60%;
        }
        /* edm publication section */
        .edm-publications-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm research theme */
        .emd-research-theme-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm news section */
        .edm-news-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm footer section */
        .edm-footer-section {
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 20px !important;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo img {
            max-width: 25%;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-tagline {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .resp-footer-links {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
        }
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            display: none;
        }
        /* edm publication card */
        .edm-publications-section .publication-card {
            margin-right: 5px;
        }
        .emd-research-theme-section .theme-card {
            margin: 0px 10px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-card {
            margin-bottom: -48px;
        }
        .edm-news-section .news-card {
            margin: 10px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-tagline {
            font-size: 20px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-address p {
            font-size: 14px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-contact {
            font-size: 14px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-top-btn {
            width: 55px;
            height: 55px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-contact i,
        .edm-footer-section .footer-address i {
            font-size: 40px;
        }
        .edm-publications-section .publication-card .pub-content h5 {
            font-size: 18px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo {
            margin-bottom: 0px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo img {
            max-width: 80%;
        }
        .edm-about-section .heading-line {
            display: none;
        }
        .edm-publications-section .heading-line {
            display: none;
        }
        .emd-research-theme-section .heading-line {
            display: none;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .heading-line {
            display: none;
        }
        .edm-news-section .heading-line {
            display: none;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-about-us-banner .caption {
            top: 90px;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            width: 20%;
        }
        .edm-about-section .about-content {
            margin: 0 !important;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .publication-card {
            margin: 6px 6px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-title {
            min-height: 65px;
        }
        .edm-proj-section .project-bg {
            margin: 7px 7px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-links {
            padding: 10px !important;
            width: 100%;
        }
    }
    /* Mobile Screens */
    
    @media (max-width: 767px) {
        .row {
            --bs-gutter-x: 0rem;
        }
        .edm-header {
            border: none;
        }
        .edm-header-border {
            border-top: 1px solid #D9D9D9;
            display: block;
            position: absolute;
            top: 70px;
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-brand img {
            max-width: 70px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .container {
            display: block;
        }
        
         .edm-publications-section .pub-card-resp {
            width: 100%;
        }
        
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            text-align: center;
            margin-top: 10px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-nav {
            gap: 8px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-nav {
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #d9d9d9f2 !important;
            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
            border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px !important;
            z-index: 9999;
            position: relative;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .nav-item a {
            color: #000 !important;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-light .navbar-toggler {
            border-radius: 0px;
            right: 12px;
            top: 0px;
            max-width: 70px;
            padding: 19px 15px;
            background: #fff;
            border-radius: 0px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-toggler:focus {
            border: 1px solid transparent !important;
            box-shadow: none !important;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar-collapse .collapsing {
            height: inherit !important;
        }
        /* edm hero section */
        .edm-hero-video .caption {
            top: 110px;
            position: absolute;
            z-index: 9;
            width: 100%;
        }
        /* edm About-us section*/
        .edm-about-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm project section */
        .edm-projects-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-row {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: inherit !important;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-info {
            margin: 10px 0px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li {
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li strong {
            width: 40%px;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-meta li span {
            width: 60%;
        }
        /* edm publication section */
        .edm-publications-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm research theme */
        .emd-research-theme-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm news section */
        .edm-news-section .heading-line {
            top: 41px;
        }
        /* edm footer section */
        .edm-footer-section {
            text-align: center;
            padding-top: 20px !important;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo img {
            max-width: 70%;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-logo {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-tagline {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .resp-footer-links {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-links {
            justify-content: center;
            width: 100%;
        }
        .edm-publications-section .publication-card {
            margin: 5px 5px;
        }
        .edm-publications-section .row>* {
            margin-top: 5px;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-about-us-banner .caption {
            top: 80px !important;
        }
        .edm-hero-video h1 {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 17px;
            font-weight: bolder;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .banner-breadcrumbs li a {
            font-size: 13px;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .banner-btns {
            margin-top: 5px !important;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            font-size: 12px;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            font-size: 12px;
            width: 23%;
            padding: 4px 0px;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .publication-card img {
            max-height: 290px !important;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-title {
            min-height: 45px;
        }
        .edm-proj-section .project-desc {
            min-height: 90px;
        }
    }
    /* // Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and down) */
    
    @media (max-width: 576px) {
        .edm-hero-video .caption {
            width: 95%;
        }
        .edm-hero-video .btn-primary {
            width: 36%;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-card {
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            top: 0;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-links {
            justify-content: center;
        }
        .edm-publications-section .publication-card {
            margin-right: 0px;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-about-us-banner img {
            min-height: 230px;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .caption {
            top: 95px !important;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            width: 28%;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .pub-borders {
            width: 100%;
            margin: 7px 0px;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .publication-card img {
            max-height: inherit !important;
        }
    }
    /* // Large devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
    
    @media (min-width: 992px) {
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            display: none;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .nav-item a {
            font-size: 13px;
            line-height: 18px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .navbar-nav {
            width: 100%;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-hero-video .caption {
            top: 135px;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            width: 16%;
        }
        .edm-news-section .news-title {
            min-height: 50px;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-links {
            width: 100%;
        }
    }
    /* // X-Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
    
    @media (min-width: 1200px) {
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            display: block;
        }
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            font-size: 12px;
            padding: 9px 20px;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-about-us-banner .btn-primary {
            width: 13%;
        }
        .edm-about-us-banner .caption {
            top: 150px;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .publication-card img {
            max-height: 320px !important;
        }
        .edm-projects-section .project-title {
            min-height: 60px;
        }
        .edm-news-section .news-title {
            min-height: 50px;
        }
    }
    /* // XX-Large devices (larger desktops, 1400px and up) */
    
    @media (min-width: 1400px) {
        .edm-header .btn-primary {
            font-size: 14px;
            padding: 7px 20px;
        }
        .edm-header .navbar .nav-item a {
            font-size: 14px;
        }
        /* about us page banner caption */
        .edm-about-us-banner .caption {
            top: 175px;
        }
        .edm-pubs-section .publication-card img {
            max-height: 380px !important;
        }
        .edm-footer-section .footer-links {
            width: 70%;
        }
    }